[[PageOutline]] = GW16126 miniPCIe BLE / LTE Cat-M1 modem [[Image(GW16126.png,400px)]] The GW16126 is a miniPCIe form-factor card that features both a BLE 5.0 radio and a Cat-M1 modem designed for the IoT market. The GW16126 interfaces with a host over USB 2.0 and uses the following pins on the miniPCIe card edge: - GND: pin 4,9,15,18,21,26,27,29,34,35,40,43,50 - VDD_3P3: pin 2,24,39,41,52 - USB_DM: pin 36 - USB_DP: pin 38 - Diagram - [[Image(gw16126pinout.png,100px)]] Power draw varies greatly with the activity of the LTE Cat-M1 modem but typically varies between the milliwatt range to a max of around 2W On the USB bus the following are present: * USB2514 USB 2.0 2-port HUB * FT231X USB UART connected to a u-blox NINA-B30x BLE module * u-blox NINA-B301 BLE module USB 2.0 controller * u-blox SARA-R4 Cat M1 / NB1 modem with nano-SIM socket These look like the following with {{{lsusb}}}: {{{#!bash ID 05c6:90b2 Qualcomm, Inc. ID 0403:6015 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd Bridge(I2C/SPI/UART/FIFO) ID 0424:2514 Standard Microsystems Corp. USB 2.0 Hub }}} The following devices will be created by the kernel modules: * /dev/ttyUSB0 (hci_uart) (CONFIG_BT_HCIUART, CONFIG_BT_HCIUART_H4 hci_uart) * /dev/ttyUSB1 (qcdm) (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION option) * /dev/ttyUSB2 (at) (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION option) * /dev/cdc-wdm0 (qmi) (CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN qmi_wwan) * /sys/class/net/wwan0 (net) (CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN qmi_wwan) - **Note that the 3 tty devices can appear in different order as USB enumeration is not guaranteed to be consistent across boots** '''The drivers do not add the modem device ID (05c6:90b2) until mainline kernel 4.17'''. If for some reason you don't have all the drivers enabled above or have them static, you may find the /dev/ttyUSB devices enumerate in a different order. You can use a variety of ways to determine which device is which: * {{{mmcli -m 0}}} will report details about detected modems and what devices they are on * {{{ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*}}} will tell you which tty is attached to the {{{ftdi_sio}}} driver to attach the Bluetooth HCI_UART to * {{{ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/option/*/ttyUSB*}}} will tell you which tty's are attached to the {{{option}}} driver for the modem. [=#sara-r4] == u-blox SARA-R4 LTE Cat M1 modem The [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/SARA-R4-N4_ProductSummary_%28UBX-16019228%29.pdf u-blox SARA-R410M-52B] LTE Cat M1 modem supports M1 bands 2,4,5,12,13. For more info on the CATM1 standard and use cases see the following [https://www.u-blox.com/en/lte-cat-m1 CATM1 Explained Link]. CAT M1 is specifically for low power small data applications. Because of this, there are two items that help to reduce power: * LTE PSM (Power Saving Mode) * LTE eDRX (Extended Discontinuous Reception) * This can be handy to disable if a lot of continuous data is required. It may help to disable eDRX (with the +CEDRXS command). In general, u-blox recommends disabling eDRX, which is currently default enabled in several of the +UMNOPROF profiles. * More information can be found online about these items, including this article [https://www.link-labs.com/blog/lte-e-drx-psm-explained-for-lte-m1 here] The SARA-R4 supports the following types of connections: * QMI (using /dev/cdc-wdm0 and /sys/class/net/wwan0) (**recommended but requires firmware M0.10.00 or later**) * PPP (using the TTY for AT commands and data) (not recommended as this requires dynamic configuration of the tty device due to USB enumeration order not being garunteed as well as configuration of chat scripts and does not allow concurant AT commands and network support) [=#sim] === CAT M1 SIM Support Note that the CAT M1 modem requires a CATM1 SIM from a carrier. These SIMs are typically different than the standard LTE SIMs (used in your phone) but depends on the provider. Gateworks has included and recommends a SIM from Hologram. The Hologram SIM does not have to be specific to CATM1. * Obtain a SIM here: [https://hologram.io/] * Activate the included SIM here: [https://hologram.io/docs/guide/connect/connect-device/] [https://www.digikey.com/products/en?keywords=1477-1051-ND We have tested this Verizon SIM as well]. '''Note''' this SIM will not automatically work with the GW16126 because the GW16126 is not end device certified with Verizon. Customers will need to work with their particular cellular carrier to get test SIMs that will work properly with the modem. Certification should also be discussed at the same time. One may also want to disable system updates that may run in the background on the OS that is being used to avoid any overages on the SIM data plan. [=#antenna] === Antenna The CAT M1 Modem uses specific LTE Bands. There are many bands supported by the radio, primarily to support many different carriers. Each carrier typically only supports one or two bands. If the radio is used in a known area with a known carrier, an antenna should be selected to match that band for the best performance. Known certified carriers and their bands are listed in the [https://www.u-blox.com/en/product/sara-r4-series#tab-documentation-resources SARA-R410M-02B certification and initial production] document. The u-blox SARA-R4/N4 System Integration Manual identifies several antennas that can be used in tables 22, 23 and 24. Download the [https://www.u-blox.com/en/product/sara-r4-series#tab-documentation-resources SARA-R4/N4 System Integration Manual]. See the below chart of bands available, sorted by frequency: ||=LTE Band=||= Duplex mode[A 1] =||= ƒ(MHz) =||= Common name =|| ||13|| FDD|| 700|| Upper SMH[A 7]|| ||28|| FDD|| 700|| APT|| ||12|| FDD|| 700|| Lower SMH[A 6]|| ||20|| FDD|| 800|| Digital Dividend (EU)|| ||19|| FDD|| 850|| Upper 800 (Japan)|| ||5|| FDD|| 850|| Cellular|| ||18|| FDD|| 850|| Lower 800 (Japan)|| ||26|| FDD|| 850|| Extended Cellular|| ||8|| FDD|| 900|| Extended GSM|| ||4|| FDD|| 1700|| AWS‑1[A 4]|| ||3|| FDD|| 1800|| DCS|| ||25|| FDD|| 1900|| Extended PCS[A 10]|| ||2|| FDD|| 1900|| PCS[A 4]|| ||1|| FDD|| 2100|| IMT|| [=#firmware] === Firmware see [https://www.u-blox.com/docs/UBX-16029218 UBX-16029218 SARA-R4/N4 series System Integration Manual] for firmware update details. The SARA-R4 Firmware can be updated in the following ways: - Firmware update Over AT (FOAT): Allows upgrading of the module firmware via binary 'delta' files over the AT interface using AT commands. - Firmware update Over The Air (uFOTA): Allows upgrading the module firmware via binary 'delta' files over the air interface based on u-blox client/server solution (uFOTA), using Lightweight M2M (LWM2M). This requires the customer creats a campaign with u-blox to identify IMEI's of modems and access to the u-blox uFOTA server - !EasyFlash is a windows application that allows flashing of 'full' firmware images You can use the {{{ATI}}} command on the AT tty to determine the firmware version (see [#at AT commands below]) Examples: * FOAT: {{{#!bash apt install lrzsz # X/Y/Zmodem DEVICE=/dev/$(for i in $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/option/*/ttyUSB*); do basename $i; done | tail -n1) echo "DEVICE=$DEVICE" stty -F $DEVICE cs8 -parenb -cstopb -ixon echo -n -e "AT+UFWUPD=3\r" > $DEVICE sx -kv firmware.bin <$DEVICE >$DEVICE sleep 1 echo -n -e "AT+UFWINSTALL\r" > $DEVICE }}} - the actual installation of the firmware takes place when the modem receives the {{{AT+UFWINSTALL}}} command and can take up to 5 minutes to complete. If the binary delta can not apply to your firmware (ie you have a delta for the wrong version) it will fail and your firmware will go un-updated - the update is fault tolerant... in case of power outage etc the modem will boot with the old firmware [=#software] === Software Support In General, the following software is necessary for the GW16126: * LTE Cat-M1 modem: - Linux 4.17+ kernel with option driver (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION) and qmi driver (CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN) * Linux 4.5+ needed for QMI RAW IP support (unless backported) * Linux 4.17+ needed for ublox R410M (unless backported) Ubuntu: - LTE Cat-M1 modem: requires network-manager modemmanager libqmi - BLE HCI: requires bluez - Fully supported (with the above) OpenWrt 18.6.x: - requires kmod-usb-net-opton, kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan, kmod-usb-serial, kmod-usb-serial-ftdi, kmod-usb-serial-qualcomm, kmod-bluetooth, kmod-crypto-user, kmod-crypto-hash, bluez-daemon, uqmi - fully supported (with the above) OpenWrt 16.02: - will not work without backporting qmi raw-ip support and modem ID's to option1/qmi-wwan driver The modem features a Qualcomm chipset that uses the 'option' and 'qmi_wwan' Linux drivers providing the following devices: * /dev/ttyUSB1 (qcdm) * /dev/ttyUSB2 (AT) * /dev/cdc-wdm0 (qmi) * /sys/class/net/wwan0 (net) The modem is supported by Linux !ModemManager and libqmi-utils. General modem information that should be understood is located on the [wiki:wireless/modem Gateworks Modem Wiki Page] ''' Note, because this modem uses raw-ip, the IP from the provider will not automatically be applied to the interface. The provider will give an IP and then it must manually be applied to the wwan0 interface.''' [=#at] ==== AT Commands For a detailed list of all AT commands see: * [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/SARA-R4-SARA-N4_ATCommands_%28UBX-17003787%29.pdf u-blox SARA-R4/N4 series AT Commands Manual, Doc. No. UBX-17003787] AT Commands are supported on the second /dev/ttyUSB lines. Because you can't guarantee the order Linux enumerates USB devices use the following to determine the AT tty: {{{#!bash DEVICE=/dev/$(for i in $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/option/*/ttyUSB*); do basename $i; done | tail -n1) }}} Note that you can not use AT commands while using PPP as this uses the same TTY. If using PPP you can kill pppd (ie 'ifdown wwan0'), perform AT commands closing the TTY when done, then re-start pppd (ie 'ifup wwan0'). It is highly recommended you use QMI as that uses a different interface leaving the AT TTY available for use if needed to do things that perhaps are not supported by QMI. ===== Mobile Network Operator (MNO) Selection Use the {{{AT+UMNOPROF}}} command to change profiles to a specific Mobile Network Operator (MNO): * AT+UMNOPROF? - show current profile * AT+UMNOPROF=? - list supported profiles * AT+UMNOPROF= - set profile to Notes: * **Do not modify individual parameters within the profile such as operator selection as that can break compatibility with your operator** * you must de-register from the network before changing the MNO (AT+COPS=2) * you must issue a reset after changing the MNO (AT+CFUN=15 issues a silent reset with a detach from the network and saving of NVM parameters) * Setting the profile to the currently set profile does not reset the parameters. To reset the parameters, set a different profile than the current one and then set the the profile back to the original (like 0). Examples: * Set MNO to Verizon: {{{#!bash # obtain AT command TTY (the 2nd tty) DEVICE=/dev/$(for i in $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/option/*/ttyUSB*); do basename $i; done | tail -n1) # configure TTY stty -F $DEVICE ignbrk -brkint -icrnl -opost -onlcr -isig -icanon -iexten -echo -echoe -echok -echoctl -echoke # background process to read TTY responses cat $DEVICE & at() { echo -n -e "$1\r" > $DEVICE; } at "AT+COPS=2" # deregister from network at "AT+UMNOPROF=0" # set MNO to auto at "AT+UMNOPROF=3" # set MNO to Verizon at "AT+CFUN=15" # de-register from network, save NVM, and reset modem }}} * Note that the {{{AT+CFUN=15}}} will cause the modem to disconnect and re-enumerate on the bus ==== Connection Examples The following sections show connection examples for various Operating Environments: * [#nmcli NetworkManager] * [#mmcli ModemManager] * [#openwrt OpenWrt] * [#libqmi libqmi] [=#nmcli] ===== Network Manager (with !ModemManager and libqmi) {{{#!bash root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli --version nmcli tool, version 1.2.6 root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli connection down id 'Wired connection 1' #bring down ethernet to avoid confusion Connection 'Wired connection 1' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/0) root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli connection add type gsm ifname cdc-wdm0 con-name mymodem apn $APN #add the connection Connection 'mymodem' (1c6d1b7f-2c89-4e21-93ee-231073605578) successfully added. root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli connection up id mymodem #bring up the modem Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3) root@xenial-newport:~# ifconfig wwan0 #verify what the ip is wwan0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:100.75.76.187 P-t-P:100.75.76.187 Mask:255.255.255.248 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:581 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:676 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:354005 (354.0 KB) TX bytes:54090 (54.0 KB) root@xenial-newport:~# ping -c2 www.google.com #ping for testing PING www.google.com (216.58.192.196) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=568 ms 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=188 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 188.688/378.624/568.561/189.937 ms }}} [=#mmcli] ===== !ModemManager (!No NetworkManager) {{{#!bash root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 #verify modem is detected /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/0 (device id '5cbc1489609fb1b95308ccf41b45f14e0f57771d') ------------------------- Hardware | manufacturer: 'u-blox' | model: 'SARA-R410M-52B' | revision: 'L0.0.00.00.06.05 1 [Aug 01 2018 14:05:07]' | H/W revision: '10000' | supported: 'lte' | current: 'lte' | equipment id: '357812090840163' ------------------------- System | device: '/sys/devices/platform/soc@0/848000000000.pci/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.3/1-1.3.3' | drivers: 'option1, qmi_wwan' | plugin: 'Generic' | primary port: 'cdc-wdm0' | ports: 'ttyUSB0 (qcdm), ttyUSB1 (at), cdc-wdm0 (qmi), wwan0 (net)' ------------------------- Numbers | own : '16127498744' ------------------------- Status | lock: 'sim-pin2' | unlock retries: 'sim-pin (3), sim-pin2 (3), sim-puk (10), sim-puk2 (10)' | state: 'disabled' | power state: 'on' | access tech: 'unknown' | signal quality: '0' (cached) ------------------------- Modes | supported: 'allowed: 4g; preferred: none' | current: 'allowed: 4g; preferred: none' ------------------------- Bands | supported: 'eutran-1, eutran-2, eutran-3, eutran-4, eutran-5, eutran-8, eutran-12, eutran-13, eutran-17, eutran-18, eutran-19, eutran-20, eutran-39' | current: 'eutran-1, eutran-2, eutran-3, eutran-4, eutran-5, eutran-8, eutran-12, eutran-13, eutran-17, eutran-18, eutran-19, eutran-20, eutran-39' ------------------------- IP | supported: 'ipv4, ipv6, ipv4v6' ------------------------- 3GPP | imei: '357812090840163' | enabled locks: 'none' | operator id: 'unknown' | operator name: 'unknown' | subscription: 'unknown' | registration: 'unknown' | EPS UE mode: 'csps-2' ------------------------- SIM | path: '/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SIM/0' ------------------------- Bearers | paths: 'none' root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 | grep imei #check imei 3GPP | imei: '357812090840163' root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 --enable #enable the modem successfully enabled the modem root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 --simple-connect="apn=$APN" # Actually connect the modem. Note 'CallFailed' is likely an invalid APN successfully connected the modem root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 --bearer 0 #get IP address Bearer '/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Bearer/0' ------------------------- Status | connected: 'yes' | suspended: 'no' | interface: 'wwan0' | IP timeout: '20' ------------------------- Properties | apn: 'NIMBLINK.GW12.VZWENTP' | roaming: 'allowed' | IP type: 'none' | user: 'none' | password: 'none' | number: 'none' | Rm protocol: 'unknown' ------------------------- IPv4 configuration | method: 'static' | address: '100.75.76.187' | prefix: '29' | gateway: '100.75.76.188' | DNS: '198.224.182.135', '198.224.183.135' | MTU: '1428' ------------------------- IPv6 configuration | method: 'unknown' ------------------------- Stats | Duration: '0' | Bytes received: 'N/A' | Bytes transmitted: 'N/A' root@xenial-newport:~# ifdown eth0 #take down ethernet to avoid confusion Killed old client process Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.3 Copyright 2004-2015 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/00:d0:12:0f:f5:83 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:d0:12:0f:f5:83 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPRELEASE on eth0 to 172.24.0.2 port 67 (xid=0x3cab7268) Restarting ntp (via systemctl): ntp.service. root@xenial-newport:~# ifconfig wwan0 100.75.76.187/29 #set IP address root@xenial-newport:~# route add default gw 100.75.76.188 #set route root@xenial-newport:~# echo "nameserver 198.224.182.135" > /etc/resolv.conf #set nameserver root@xenial-newport:~# ping -c2 www.google.com #ping google to verify connection PING www.google.com (216.58.192.196) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=568 ms 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=188 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 188.688/378.624/568.561/189.937 ms }}} [=#qmicli] ===== libqmi (no !NetworkManager or !ModemManager) {{{#!bash root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli --version qmicli 1.20.2 Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Aleksander Morgado License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. root@xenial-newport:~# systemctl stop NetworkManager # don't conflict with NetworkManager root@xenial-newport:~# systemctl stop ModemManager # don't conflict with ModemManager root@xenial-newport:~# ifdown eth0 # bring down eth0 so not confused for WAN/LAN link. root@xenial-newport:~# cat << EOF > /etc/qmi-network.conf > APN=$APN > PROXY=yes > EOF root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli -p -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wda-set-data-format=raw-ip #set modem for raw-ip [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully set data format QoS flow header: no Link layer protocol: 'raw-ip' Uplink data aggregation protocol: 'disabled' Downlink data aggregation protocol: 'disabled' NDP signature: '0' Downlink data aggregation max datagrams: '0' Downlink data aggregation max size: '0' root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli -p -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --set-expected-data-format=raw-ip #set modem for raw-ip [/dev/cdc-wdm0] expected data format set to: raw-ip root@xenial-newport:~# qmi-network /dev/cdc-wdm0 start #start modem connection Loading profile at /etc/qmi-network.conf... APN: NIMBLINK.GW12.VZWENTP APN user: unset APN password: unset qmi-proxy: yes Checking data format with 'qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wda-get-data-format --device-open-proxy'... Device link layer protocol retrieved: raw-ip Getting expected data format with 'qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --get-expected-data-format'... Expected link layer protocol retrieved: raw-ip Device and kernel link layer protocol match: raw-ip Starting network with 'qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wds-start-network=apn='NIMBLINK.GW12.VZWENTP' --client-no-release-cid --device-open-proxy'... Saving state at /tmp/qmi-network-state-cdc-wdm0... (CID: 4) Saving state at /tmp/qmi-network-state-cdc-wdm0... (PDH: 2194536080) Network started successfully root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli --device /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wds-get-current-settings #get IP from provider [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Current settings retrieved: IP Family: IPv4 IPv4 address: 100.75.76.187 IPv4 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 IPv4 gateway address: 100.75.76.188 IPv4 primary DNS: 198.224.182.135 IPv4 secondary DNS: 198.224.183.135 MTU: 1428 Domains: none root@xenial-newport:~# ifconfig wwan0 100.22.44.187 netmask 255.255.255.248 # assign IP root@xenial-newport:~# route add default gw 100.75.76.188 wwan0 # assign route root@xenial-newport:~# echo "nameserver 198.224.182.135" > /etc/resolv.conf # assign nameserver }}} [=#openwrt] ===== OpenWrt Note that OpenWrt 18.06 or newer has support for this modem. Example configurations: * QMI (recommended): {{{#!bash # config wan uci set network.wan=interface uci set network.wan.ifname=wwan0 uci set network.wan.proto=qmi uci set network.wan.timeout=90 uci set network.wan.device=/dev/cdc-wdm0 uci commit network }}} - the default registration timeout of 10 seconds may not be enough so in the example above we have set it to 90 seconds. ==== Troubleshooting General Notes: * if not using PPP make sure you have the latest firmware for proper QMI support - contact support@gateworks.com * You must be 'registered' on a provider network before you can connect. This registration occurs based on SIM, IMEI, and Mobile Network Operator selection. Refer to [wiki:wireless/modem#libqmi wireless/modem/libqmi] commands for general troubleshooting using libqmi. Some troubleshooting using qmicli: * Stop !ModemManager if it is running * Check registration: {{{#!bash root@ventana:~# qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --nas-get-serving-system [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully got serving system: Registration state: 'registered' CS: 'detached' PS: 'attached' Selected network: '3gpp' Radio interfaces: '1' [0]: 'lte' Roaming status: 'off' Data service capabilities: '1' [0]: 'lte' Current PLMN: MCC: '311' MNC: '480' Description: 'VZW' Roaming indicators: '1' [0]: 'off' (lte) 3GPP location area code: '65534' 3GPP cell ID: '8550402' Detailed status: Status: 'available' Capability: 'ps' HDR Status: 'none' HDR Hybrid: 'no' Forbidden: 'no' LTE tracking area code: '8450' Full operator code info: MCC: '311' MNC: '480' MNC with PCS digit: 'yes' }}} - Note {{{Registration state: 'registered'}}} above indicating you are registered and 'Current PLMN' of VZW indicating you are registered with Verizon * Check system info: {{{#!bash root@bionic-armhf:~# qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --nas-get-system-info [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully got system info: LTE service: Status: 'limited' True Status: 'limited-regional' Preferred data path: 'yes' Domain: 'unknown' Service capability: 'ps' Forbidden: 'no' Cell ID: '194368016' MCC: '310' MNC: '410' SIM reject info: 'available' }}} - Note above the 'True Status' states 'limited-regional'. That usually means the device is registered for emergency services only. This must occur before you can 'connect' using an APN (thus has nothing to do with the APN being wrong). Refer to your Provider if you have difficulty getting registered on the network. * Get home network information {{{#!bash root@bionic-armhf:~# qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --nas-get-home-network [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully got home network: Home network: MCC: '311' MNC: '270' Description: '311 270' }}} * Get signal info {{{ root@bionic-armhf:~# qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --nas-get-signal-info [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully got signal info LTE: RSSI: '-52 dBm' RSRQ: '-14 dB' RSRP: '-83 dBm' SNR: '19.8 dB' }}} * Get signal strength {{{ root@bionic-armhf:~# qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --nas-get-signal-strength [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully got signal strength Current: Network 'lte': '-56 dBm' RSSI: Network 'lte': '-56 dBm' ECIO: Network 'lte': '-31.5 dBm' IO: '-106 dBm' SINR (8): '9.0 dB' RSRQ: Network 'lte': '-11 dB' SNR: Network 'lte': '22.0 dB' RSRP: Network 'lte': '-82 dBm' }}} * Get serving system {{{ root@bionic-armhf:~# qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --nas-get-serving-system [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully got serving system: Registration state: 'not-registered' CS: 'detached' PS: 'detached' Selected network: '3gpp' Radio interfaces: '1' [0]: 'lte' Data service capabilities: '0' Current PLMN: MCC: '310' MNC: '410' Description: '' Detailed status: Status: 'limited' Capability: 'ps' HDR Status: 'none' HDR Hybrid: 'no' Forbidden: 'no' Full operator code info: MCC: '310' MNC: '410' MNC with PCS digit: 'yes' }}} Note that all of the above has to be good before you can obtain a data connection with your provider via the 'qmi-network start' command which is the step that requires a proper APN that your provider supports. [=#nina-b3] == u-blox NINA-B301 BLE module The u-blox [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/NINA-B30_ProductSummary_%28UBX-17052930%29.pdf NINA-B301] stand-alone Bluetooth 5 low engery module contains an open [https://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/Products/nRF52840 Nordic nRF52840] multiprotocol SoC. [=#hci] === Bluetooth HCI (GW16126) The standard GW16126 comes the nRF52840 pre-programmed by Gateworks with [https://www.zephyrproject.org/ Zephyr Project] [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/samples/bluetooth/hci_uart/README.html hci_uart] offering a bluetooth HCI UART host controller. The Open-Source Zephyr Project provides a small scalable real-time operating system (RTOS) well suited for small ARM processors such as the one in the nRF52840 and its [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/samples/bluetooth/hci_uart/README.html hci_uart] sample code implements a BLE HCI via the H4 UART protocol with the following: * 1mbps baudrate * 8bits, no parity, 1 stop bit * hardware flow control required To use the GW16126 bluetooth HCI with Linux you need the following: * Linux 4.10+ kernel with the following: - FTDI UART support (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_FTDI_SIO) - HCI UART with H4 (CONFIG_BT_HCIUART and CONFIG_BT_HCIUART_H4) in order to provide a bluetooth HCI over UART - crypto userspace API (CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_AEAD, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_RNG, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_SKCIPHER, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API*) in order to generate a random Bluetooth MAC (BDADDR) * Bluetooth stack such as BlueZ (4.45+ with Experimental support (-E param on bluetoothd)) The following shows how you would interact with the BLE controller via BlueZ on Ubuntu bionic: {{{#!bash apt-get install bluez # configure bluez to run expirimental features sed -i '/^ExecStart=/ s/$/ -E/' /lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service # restart bluetoothd sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart bluetooth # attach HCI UART dev=$(basename $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*)) modprobe hci_uart btattach -B /dev/$dev -S 1000000 -P h4 & # scan for BLE devices hcitool -i hci0 lescan }}} Example: {{{#!bash root@bionic-newport:~# echo 8 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk root@bionic-newport:~# dev=$(basename $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*)) root@bionic-newport:~# modprobe hci_uart [ 35.314383] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22 [ 35.318121] NET: Registered protocol family 31 [ 35.322614] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 35.328997] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 35.333904] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 35.338983] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 35.350560] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.3 [ 35.355057] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol H4 registered root@bionic-newport:~# btattach -B /dev/$dev -S 1000000 -P h4 & [1] 2138 Attaching Primary controller to /dev/ttyUSB0 Switched line discipline from 0 to 15 Device index 0 attached [ 57.834717] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 57.840137] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized root@bionic-newport:~# hciconfig hci0: Type: Primary Bus: UART BD Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 ACL MTU: 27:7 SCO MTU: 0:0 UP RUNNING RX bytes:527 acl:0 sco:0 events:41 errors:0 TX bytes:258 acl:0 sco:0 commands:41 errors:0 root@bionic-newport:~# hcitool -i hci0 lescan LE Scan ... 3C:A3:08:10:51:FE (unknown) FC:B4:88:8E:32:61 (unknown) FC:B4:88:8E:32:61 (unknown) 3C:A3:08:10:51:FE LEDBlue-081051FE }}} [=#zephyr] === Zephyr Project Firmware While the nRF52840 comes pre-programmed with firmware to make it a [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/subsystems/bluetooth/bluetooth.html fully featured Bluetooth HCI] you could develop your own firmware and re-program it if desired. The [https://www.zephyrproject.org/ Zephyr Project] is a scaleable real-time operating system (RTOS) supporting multiple hardware architectures, optimized for resource constrained devices, and built with security in mind. The Zephyr Project supports the Nordic nRF58240 within the u-blox NINA-B3 BLE module and can be modified to give it a personality of its own. Some examples within the Zephyr Project that are suited for the GW16126 out of the box are: * HCI uart * BLE beacon Gateworks has added GW16126 board support to Zephyr [https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr.git here] via [https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr/commit/ba5f00ad5918b44e901f356a98e63e963516a429 commit ba5f00ad] Examples: 1. Install Zephyr source {{{#!bash git clone https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr.git cd ~/zephyr # or to your directory where zephyr is cloned # install more requirements via pip pip3 install --user -r scripts/requirements.txt }}} 1. Build HCI UART (what Gateworks pre-programms into the GW16126): {{{#!bash # setup shell for building Zephyr source zephyr-env.sh: cd $ZEPHYR_BASE/samples/bluetooth/hci_uart mkdir -p build/gw16126 && cd build/gw16126 cmake -DBOARD=nrf52840_gw16126 ../.. make ls zephyr/zephyr.hex }}} 2. Build Bluetooth Beacon: {{{#!bash # setup shell for building Zephyr source zephyr-env.sh: cd $ZEPHYR_BASE/samples/bluetooth/beacon mkdir -p build/gw16126 && cd build/gw16126 cmake -DBOARD=nrf52840_gw16126 ../.. make ls zephyr/zephyr.hex }}} References: * https://www.zephyrproject.org/ Zephyr Project * https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr.git - Gateworks Zephyr repo * https://elixir.bootlin.com/zephyr/latest/source - LXR Cross-Reference tool for Zephyr source [=#ProgrammingthenRF58240] [[CollapsibleStart(Programming the nRF58240)]] === Programming the nRF58240 While the nRF52840 comes pre-programmed with firmware to make it a [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/subsystems/bluetooth/bluetooth.html fully featured Bluetooth HCI] you could develop your own firmware and re-program it if desired. The device can be programmed via SWD using the FT231X CBUS pins as follows: * CBUS1 - SWDIO * CBUS2 - SWDCLK To program you can use OpenOCD with the {{{sysfsgpio}}} interface as long as you have a kernel that supports GPIO in the ftdi-sio driver (Linux 4.20+). The following will create a gw16126.cfg OpenOCD interface file specifying SWD and mapping the SWCLK/SWDIO pins to the FT231X CBUS2/CBUS1 pins: 1. Create an OpenOCD interface file for the GW16126 that defines the Linux gpio signals for SWD: {{{#!bash base=$(for i in $(ls -1d /sys/class/gpio/gpiochip*); do [ "ftdi-cbus" = "$(cat $i/label)" ] && cat $i/base; done) [ "$base" ] || { echo "Error: could not find ftdi-cbus device - Linux 4.20+ required"; } cat << EOF > gw16126.cfg interface sysfsgpio transport select swd Show quoted text sysfsgpio_swd_nums $((base + 2)) $((base + 1)) EOF }}} 2. Build OpenOCD from git master for nRF52840 support: {{{#!bash apt-get install build-essential git flex bison pkg-config libtool autoconf automake texinfo libusb-1.0-0-dev git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openocd/code openocd cd openocd ./bootstrap ./configure --enable-sysfsgpio make install }}} - alternatively you can fetch from a zip archive via {{{wget --no-check-certificate https://repo.or.cz/openocd.git/snapshot/refs/heads/master.zip}}} but note that the bootstrap script which checkout jimtcl as git submodules so this doesn't really help - I've been having issues on bionic because NTP isn't working right which leads to certificate issues. You can disable by {{{git config --global http.sslverify false}}} 3. Program firmware: {{{#!bash # openocd -f gw16126.cfg -f target/nrf52.cfg \ -c init -c "reset init" -c halt -c "nrf5 mass_erase" -c "program zephyr_uart_hci.hex verify" -c reset -c exit Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0+dev-00563-gda4b2d5b (2018-10-20-01:03) Licensed under GNU GPL v2 For bug reports, read http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html SysfsGPIO nums: swclk = 462, swdio = 461 adapter speed: 1000 kHz cortex_m reset_config sysresetreq Info : SysfsGPIO JTAG/SWD bitbang driver Info : SWD only mode enabled (specify tck, tms, tdi and tdo gpios to add JTAG mode) Info : This adapter doesn't support configurable speed Info : SWD DPIDR 0x2ba01477 Info : nrf52.cpu: hardware has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0xfffffffe msp: 0xfffffffc Info : nRF52840-QIAA(build code: C0) 1024kB Flash target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0xfffffffe msp: 0xfffffffc ** Programming Started ** auto erase enabled Warn : using fast async flash loader. This is currently supported Warn : only with ST-Link and CMSIS-DAP. If you have issues, add Warn : "set WORKAREASIZE 0" before sourcing nrf51.cfg/nrf52.cfg to disable it wrote 49152 bytes from file zephyr.hex in 117.544823s (0.408 KiB/s) ** Programming Finished ** ** Verify Started ** verified 47036 bytes in 2.723827s (16.864 KiB/s) ** Verified OK ** }}} [[CollapsibleEnd]] === u-blox Connectivity Software (GW16126-SP399) The GW16126-SP399 comes with the nRF52840 pre-programmed (and locked) by u-blox with the u-blox Connectivity Software. Connection parameters: - 115200baud, 8 data bits no stop bit Protocol details: - [https://www.u-blox.com/ja/files/u-blox-short-range-modules-commands-manual UBX-14044127 u-blox Short Range Modules] - AT Commands Manual - [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/NINA-B31_GettingStarted_%28UBX-18022394%29.pdf UBX-18022394 NINA-B31 series Stand-alone Bluetooth 5 low energy modules Getting Started] Examples: - Serial port interaction {{{#!bash # query configured role AT+UBTLE? +UBTLE:2 OK # set to central AT+UBTLE=1 OK # store and power cycle AT&W OK AT+CPWROFF OK +STARTUP # report scan results AT+UBTD +UBTD:FCB4888E3261r,-76,"",2,0201061AFF4C0002156445C351577C4DA9AE12E57657E78C6F0000000000 +UBTD:FCB4888E3261r,-77,"",1, OK }}} - command line usage: {{{#!bash dev=$(basename $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*)) stty -F $dev 115200 ignbrk -brkint -icrnl -opost -onlcr -isig -icanon -iexten -echo -echoe -echok -echoctl -echoke cat $dev & # continually display responses from tty in background # request manufactuer identify printf 'AT+GMI\r\n' > $dev # request model printf 'AT+GMM\r\n' > $dev # request serial number printf 'AT+GSN\r\n' > $dev # request misc details printf 'AT+ATI0\r\n' > $dev # change role to central, write nvram, and reset printf 'AT+UBTLE=1\r\n' > $dev printf 'AT&W\r\n' > $dev printf 'AT+CPWROFF\r\n' > $dev # scan for BLE devices sleep 1 printf 'AT+UBTD\r\n' > $dev }}} See also ublox s-center software for use on Windows