[[PageOutline]] = GW16126 miniPCIe BLE / LTE Cat-M1 modem [[Image(GW16126.png,400px)]] The GW16126 is a miniPCIe form-factor card that features both a BLE 5.0 radio and a Cat-M1 modem designed for the IoT market. The GW16126 interfaces with a host over USB 2.0 and uses the following pins on the miniPCIe card edge: - GND: pin 4,9,15,18,21,26,27,29,34,35,40,43,50 - VDD_3P3: pin 2,24,39,41,52 - USB_DM: pin 36 - USB_DP: pin 38 Power draw varies greatly with the activity of the LTE Cat-M1 modem but typically varies between the milliwatt range to a max of around 2W On the USB bus the following are present: * USB2514 USB 2.0 2-port HUB * FT231X USB UART connected to a u-blox NINA-B30x BLE module * u-blox NINA-B301 BLE module USB 2.0 controller * u-blox SARA-R4 Cat M-1 / NB1 modem with nano-SIM socket These look like the following with {{{lsusb}}}: {{{#!bash ID 05c6:90b2 Qualcomm, Inc. ID 0403:6015 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd Bridge(I2C/SPI/UART/FIFO) ID 0424:2514 Standard Microsystems Corp. USB 2.0 Hub }}} The following devices will be created by the kernel modules: * /dev/ttyUSB0 (hci_uart) (CONFIG_BT_HCIUART, CONFIG_BT_HCIUART_H4 hci_uart) * /dev/ttyUSB1 (qcdm) (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION option) * /dev/ttyUSB2 (at) (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION option) * /dev/cdc-wdm0 (qmi) (CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN qmi_wwan) * /sys/class/net/wwan0 (net) (CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN qmi_wwan) '''The drivers do not add the modem device ID (05c6:90b2) until mainline kernel 4.17'''. If for some reason you don't have all the drivers enabled above or have them static, you may find the /dev/ttyUSB devices enumerate in a different order. You can use a variety of ways to determine which device is which: * {{{mmcli -m 0}}} will report details about detected modems and what devices they are on * {{{ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*}}} will tell you which tty is attached to the {{{ftdi_sio}}} driver to attach the Bluetooth HCI_UART to * {{{ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/option/*/ttyUSB*}}} will tell you which tty's are attached to the {{{option}}} driver for the modem. [=#sara-r4] == u-blox SARA-R4 LTE Cat M-1 modem The [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/SARA-R4-N4_ProductSummary_%28UBX-16019228%29.pdf u-blox SARA-R410M-52B] LTE Cat M1 modem supports M1 bands 2,4,5,12,13. For more info on the CATM1 standard and use cases see the following [https://www.u-blox.com/en/lte-cat-m1 CATM1 Explained Link]. The modem features a Qualcomm chipset that uses the 'option' and 'qmi_wwan' Linux drivers providing the following devices: * /dev/ttyUSB1 (qcdm) * /dev/ttyUSB2 * /dev/cdc-wdm0 (qmi) * /sys/class/net/wwan0 (net) The modem is supported by Linux !ModemManager and libqmi-utils. General modem information that should be understood is located on the [wiki:wireless/modem Gateworks Modem Wiki Page] ''' Note, because this modem uses raw-ip, DHCP does not work and a IP will not automatically be applied to the interface. The provider will give an IP and then it must manually be applied to the wwan0 interface.''' Examples: (set APN env var appropriately) * Ubuntu using !NetworkManager: {{{#!bash root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli --version nmcli tool, version 1.2.6 root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli connection down id 'Wired connection 1' Connection 'Wired connection 1' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/0) root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli connection add type gsm ifname cdc-wdm0 con-name mymodem apn $APN Connection 'mymodem' (1c6d1b7f-2c89-4e21-93ee-231073605578) successfully added. root@xenial-newport:~# nmcli connection up id mymodem Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3) root@xenial-newport:~# ifconfig wwan0 wwan0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:100.75.76.187 P-t-P:100.75.76.187 Mask:255.255.255.248 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:581 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:676 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:354005 (354.0 KB) TX bytes:54090 (54.0 KB) root@xenial-newport:~# ping -c2 www.google.com PING www.google.com (216.58.192.196) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=568 ms 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=188 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 188.688/378.624/568.561/189.937 ms }}} * Ubuntu using !ModemManager: {{{#!bash root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/0 (device id '5cbc1489609fb1b95308ccf41b45f14e0f57771d') ------------------------- Hardware | manufacturer: 'u-blox' | model: 'SARA-R410M-52B' | revision: 'L0.0.00.00.06.05 1 [Aug 01 2018 14:05:07]' | H/W revision: '10000' | supported: 'lte' | current: 'lte' | equipment id: '357812090840163' ------------------------- System | device: '/sys/devices/platform/soc@0/848000000000.pci/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.3/1-1.3.3' | drivers: 'option1, qmi_wwan' | plugin: 'Generic' | primary port: 'cdc-wdm0' | ports: 'ttyUSB0 (qcdm), ttyUSB1 (at), cdc-wdm0 (qmi), wwan0 (net)' ------------------------- Numbers | own : '16127498744' ------------------------- Status | lock: 'sim-pin2' | unlock retries: 'sim-pin (3), sim-pin2 (3), sim-puk (10), sim-puk2 (10)' | state: 'disabled' | power state: 'on' | access tech: 'unknown' | signal quality: '0' (cached) ------------------------- Modes | supported: 'allowed: 4g; preferred: none' | current: 'allowed: 4g; preferred: none' ------------------------- Bands | supported: 'eutran-1, eutran-2, eutran-3, eutran-4, eutran-5, eutran-8, eutran-12, eutran-13, eutran-17, eutran-18, eutran-19, eutran-20, eutran-39' | current: 'eutran-1, eutran-2, eutran-3, eutran-4, eutran-5, eutran-8, eutran-12, eutran-13, eutran-17, eutran-18, eutran-19, eutran-20, eutran-39' ------------------------- IP | supported: 'ipv4, ipv6, ipv4v6' ------------------------- 3GPP | imei: '357812090840163' | enabled locks: 'none' | operator id: 'unknown' | operator name: 'unknown' | subscription: 'unknown' | registration: 'unknown' | EPS UE mode: 'csps-2' ------------------------- SIM | path: '/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SIM/0' ------------------------- Bearers | paths: 'none' root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 | grep imei 3GPP | imei: '357812090840163' root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 --enable successfully enabled the modem root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 --simple-connect="apn=$APN" # Note 'CallFailed' is likely an invalid APN successfully connected the modem root@xenial-newport:~# mmcli --modem 0 --bearer 0 Bearer '/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Bearer/0' ------------------------- Status | connected: 'yes' | suspended: 'no' | interface: 'wwan0' | IP timeout: '20' ------------------------- Properties | apn: 'NIMBLINK.GW12.VZWENTP' | roaming: 'allowed' | IP type: 'none' | user: 'none' | password: 'none' | number: 'none' | Rm protocol: 'unknown' ------------------------- IPv4 configuration | method: 'static' | address: '100.75.76.187' | prefix: '29' | gateway: '100.75.76.188' | DNS: '198.224.182.135', '198.224.183.135' | MTU: '1428' ------------------------- IPv6 configuration | method: 'unknown' ------------------------- Stats | Duration: '0' | Bytes received: 'N/A' | Bytes transmitted: 'N/A' root@xenial-newport:~# ifdown eth0 Killed old client process Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.3 Copyright 2004-2015 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/00:d0:12:0f:f5:83 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:d0:12:0f:f5:83 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPRELEASE on eth0 to 172.24.0.2 port 67 (xid=0x3cab7268) Restarting ntp (via systemctl): ntp.service. root@xenial-newport:~# ifconfig wwan0 100.75.76.187/29 root@xenial-newport:~# route add default gw 100.75.76.188 root@xenial-newport:~# echo "nameserver 198.224.182.135" > /etc/resolv.conf root@xenial-newport:~# ping www.google.com root@xenial-newport:~# ping -c2 www.google.com PING www.google.com (216.58.192.196) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=568 ms 64 bytes from ord30s25-in-f196.1e100.net (216.58.192.196): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=188 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 188.688/378.624/568.561/189.937 ms }}} * Ubuntu using libqmi only (no !NetworkManager or !ModemManager) {{{#!bash root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli --version qmicli 1.20.2 Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Aleksander Morgado License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. root@xenial-newport:~# systemctl stop NetworkManager # don't conflict with NetworkManager root@xenial-newport:~# systemctl stop ModemManager # don't conflict with ModemManager root@xenial-newport:~# ifdown eth0 # bring down eth0 so not confused for WAN/LAN link. root@xenial-newport:~# cat << EOF > /etc/qmi-network.conf > APN=$APN > PROXY=yes > EOF root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli -p -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wda-set-data-format=raw-ip [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Successfully set data format QoS flow header: no Link layer protocol: 'raw-ip' Uplink data aggregation protocol: 'disabled' Downlink data aggregation protocol: 'disabled' NDP signature: '0' Downlink data aggregation max datagrams: '0' Downlink data aggregation max size: '0' root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli -p -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --set-expected-data-format=raw-ip [/dev/cdc-wdm0] expected data format set to: raw-ip root@xenial-newport:~# qmi-network /dev/cdc-wdm0 start Loading profile at /etc/qmi-network.conf... APN: NIMBLINK.GW12.VZWENTP APN user: unset APN password: unset qmi-proxy: yes Checking data format with 'qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wda-get-data-format --device-open-proxy'... Device link layer protocol retrieved: raw-ip Getting expected data format with 'qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --get-expected-data-format'... Expected link layer protocol retrieved: raw-ip Device and kernel link layer protocol match: raw-ip Starting network with 'qmicli -d /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wds-start-network=apn='NIMBLINK.GW12.VZWENTP' --client-no-release-cid --device-open-proxy'... Saving state at /tmp/qmi-network-state-cdc-wdm0... (CID: 4) Saving state at /tmp/qmi-network-state-cdc-wdm0... (PDH: 2194536080) Network started successfully root@xenial-newport:~# qmicli --device /dev/cdc-wdm0 --wds-get-current-settings [/dev/cdc-wdm0] Current settings retrieved: IP Family: IPv4 IPv4 address: 100.75.76.187 IPv4 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248 IPv4 gateway address: 100.75.76.188 IPv4 primary DNS: 198.224.182.135 IPv4 secondary DNS: 198.224.183.135 MTU: 1428 Domains: none root@xenial-newport:~# ifconfig wwan0 100.22.44.187 netmask 255.255.255.248 # assign IP root@xenial-newport:~# route add default gw 100.75.76.188 wwan0 # assign route root@xenial-newport:~# echo "nameserver 198.224.182.135" > /etc/resolv.conf # assign nameserver }}} [=#nina-b3] == u-blox NINA-B301 BLE module The u-blox [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/NINA-B30_ProductSummary_%28UBX-17052930%29.pdf NINA-B301] stand-alone Bluetooth 5 low engery module contains an open [https://www.nordicsemi.com/eng/Products/nRF52840 Nordic nRF52840] multiprotocol SoC. [=#hci] === Bluetooth HCI (GW16126) The standard GW16126 comes the nRF52840 pre-programmed by Gateworks with [https://www.zephyrproject.org/ Zephyr Project] [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/samples/bluetooth/hci_uart/README.html hci_uart] offering a bluetooth HCI UART host controller. The Open-Source Zephyr Project provides a small scalable real-time operating system (RTOS) well suited for small ARM processors such as the one in the nRF52840 and its [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/samples/bluetooth/hci_uart/README.html hci_uart] sample code implements a BLE HCI via the H4 UART protocol with the following: * 1mbps baudrate * 8bits, no parity, 1 stop bit * hardware flow control required To use the GW16126 bluetooth HCI with Linux you need the following: * Linux 4.10+ kernel with the following: - FTDI UART support (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_FTDI_SIO) - HCI UART with H4 (CONFIG_BT_HCIUART and CONFIG_BT_HCIUART_H4) in order to provide a bluetooth HCI over UART - crypto userspace API (CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_AEAD, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_RNG, CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_SKCIPHER) in order to generate a random Bluetooth MAC (BDADDR) * Bluetooth stack such as BlueZ (4.45+) The following shows how you would interact with the BLE controller via BlueZ on Ubuntu bionic: {{{#!bash apt-get install bluez # configure bluez to run expirimental features sed -i '/^ExecStart=/ s/$/ -E/' /lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service # restart bluetoothd sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart bluetooth # attach HCI UART dev=$(basename $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*)) modprobe hci_uart btattach -B /dev/$dev -S 1000000 -P h4 & # scan for BLE devices hcitool -i hci0 lescan }}} Example: {{{#!bash root@bionic-newport:~# echo 8 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk root@bionic-newport:~# dev=$(basename $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*)) root@bionic-newport:~# modprobe hci_uart [ 35.314383] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22 [ 35.318121] NET: Registered protocol family 31 [ 35.322614] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 35.328997] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 35.333904] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 35.338983] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 35.350560] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.3 [ 35.355057] Bluetooth: HCI UART protocol H4 registered root@bionic-newport:~# btattach -B /dev/$dev -S 1000000 -P h4 & [1] 2138 Attaching Primary controller to /dev/ttyUSB0 Switched line discipline from 0 to 15 Device index 0 attached [ 57.834717] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 57.840137] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized root@bionic-newport:~# hciconfig hci0: Type: Primary Bus: UART BD Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 ACL MTU: 27:7 SCO MTU: 0:0 UP RUNNING RX bytes:527 acl:0 sco:0 events:41 errors:0 TX bytes:258 acl:0 sco:0 commands:41 errors:0 root@bionic-newport:~# hcitool -i hci0 lescan LE Scan ... 3C:A3:08:10:51:FE (unknown) FC:B4:88:8E:32:61 (unknown) FC:B4:88:8E:32:61 (unknown) 3C:A3:08:10:51:FE LEDBlue-081051FE }}} [=#zephyr] === Zephyr Project Firmware While the nRF52840 comes pre-programmed with firmware to make it a [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/subsystems/bluetooth/bluetooth.html fully featured Bluetooth HCI] you could develop your own firmware and re-program it if desired. The [https://www.zephyrproject.org/ Zephyr Project] is a scaleable real-time operating system (RTOS) supporting multiple hardware architectures, optimized for resource constrained devices, and built with security in mind. The Zephyr Project supports the Nordic nRF58240 within the u-blox NINA-B3 BLE module and can be modified to give it a personality of its own. Some examples within the Zephyr Project that are suited for the GW16123 out of the box are: * HCI uart * BLE beacon Gateworks has added GW16126 board support to Zephyr [https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr.git here] via [https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr/commit/ba5f00ad5918b44e901f356a98e63e963516a429 commit ba5f00ad] Examples: 1. Install Zephyr source {{{#!bash git clone https://github.com/Gateworks/zephyr.git cd ~/zephyr # or to your directory where zephyr is cloned # install more requirements via pip pip3 install --user -r scripts/requirements.txt }}} 1. Build HCI UART (what Gateworks pre-programms into the GW16126): {{{#!bash # setup shell for building Zephyr source zephyr-env.sh: cd $ZEPHYR_BASE/samples/bluetooth/hci_uart mkdir -p build/gw16126 && cd build/gw16126 cmake -DBOARD=nrf52840_gw16126 ../.. make ls zephyr/zephyr.hex }}} 2. Build Bluetooth Beacon: {{{#!bash # setup shell for building Zephyr source zephyr-env.sh: cd $ZEPHYR_BASE/samples/bluetooth/beacon mkdir -p build/gw16126 && cd build/gw16126 cmake -DBOARD=nrf52840_gw16126 ../.. make ls zephyr/zephyr.hex }}} === Programming the nRF58240 While the nRF52840 comes pre-programmed with firmware to make it a [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/subsystems/bluetooth/bluetooth.html fully featured Bluetooth HCI] you could develop your own firmware and re-program it if desired. The device can be programmed via SWD using the FT231X CBUS pins as follows: * CBUS1 - SWDIO * CBUS2 - SWDCLK To program you can use OpenOCD with the {{{sysfsgpio}}} interface as long as you have a kernel that supports GPIO in the ftdi-sio driver (Linux 4.20+). The following will create a gw16126.cfg OpenOCD interface file specifying SWD and mapping the SWCLK/SWDIO pins to the FT231X CBUS2/CBUS1 pins: 1. Create an OpenOCD interface file for the GW16126 that defines the Linux gpio signals for SWD: {{{#!bash base=$(for i in $(ls -1d /sys/class/gpio/gpiochip*); do [ "ftdi-cbus" = "$(cat $i/label)" ] && cat $i/base; done) [ "$base" ] || { echo "Error: could not find ftdi-cbus device - Linux 4.20+ required"; } cat << EOF > gw16126.cfg interface sysfsgpio transport select swd Show quoted text sysfsgpio_swd_nums $((base + 2)) $((base + 1)) EOF }}} 2. Build OpenOCD from git master for nRF52840 support: {{{#!bash apt-get install build-essential git flex bison pkg-config libtool autoconf automake texinfo libusb-1.0-0-dev git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openocd/code openocd cd openocd ./bootstrap ./configure --enable-sysfsgpio make install }}} - alternatively you can fetch from a zip archive via {{{wget --no-check-certificate https://repo.or.cz/openocd.git/snapshot/refs/heads/master.zip}}} but note that the bootstrap script which checkout jimtcl as git submodules so this doesn't really help - I've been having issues on bionic because NTP isn't working right which leads to certificate issues. You can disable by {{{git config --global http.sslverify false}}} 3. Program firmware: {{{#!bash # openocd -f gw16126.cfg -f target/nrf52.cfg \ -c init -c "reset init" -c halt -c "nrf5 mass_erase" -c "program zephyr_uart_hci.hex verify" -c reset -c exit Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0+dev-00563-gda4b2d5b (2018-10-20-01:03) Licensed under GNU GPL v2 For bug reports, read http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html SysfsGPIO nums: swclk = 462, swdio = 461 adapter speed: 1000 kHz cortex_m reset_config sysresetreq Info : SysfsGPIO JTAG/SWD bitbang driver Info : SWD only mode enabled (specify tck, tms, tdi and tdo gpios to add JTAG mode) Info : This adapter doesn't support configurable speed Info : SWD DPIDR 0x2ba01477 Info : nrf52.cpu: hardware has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0xfffffffe msp: 0xfffffffc Info : nRF52840-QIAA(build code: C0) 1024kB Flash target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0xfffffffe msp: 0xfffffffc ** Programming Started ** auto erase enabled Warn : using fast async flash loader. This is currently supported Warn : only with ST-Link and CMSIS-DAP. If you have issues, add Warn : "set WORKAREASIZE 0" before sourcing nrf51.cfg/nrf52.cfg to disable it wrote 49152 bytes from file zephyr.hex in 117.544823s (0.408 KiB/s) ** Programming Finished ** ** Verify Started ** verified 47036 bytes in 2.723827s (16.864 KiB/s) ** Verified OK ** }}} === u-blox Connectivity Software (GW16126-SP399) The GW16126-SP399 comes with the nRF52840 pre-programmed (and locked) by u-blox with the u-blox Connectivity Software. Connection parameters: - 115200baud, 8 data bits no stop bit Protocol details: - [https://www.u-blox.com/ja/files/u-blox-short-range-modules-commands-manual UBX-14044127 u-blox Short Range Modules] - AT Commands Manual - [https://www.u-blox.com/sites/default/files/NINA-B31_GettingStarted_%28UBX-18022394%29.pdf UBX-18022394 NINA-B31 series Stand-alone Bluetooth 5 low energy modules Getting Started] Examples: - Serial port interaction {{{#!bash # query configured role AT+UBTLE? +UBTLE:2 OK # set to central AT+UBTLE=1 OK # store and power cycle AT&W OK AT+CPWROFF OK +STARTUP # report scan results AT+UBTD +UBTD:FCB4888E3261r,-76,"",2,0201061AFF4C0002156445C351577C4DA9AE12E57657E78C6F0000000000 +UBTD:FCB4888E3261r,-77,"",1, OK }}} - command line usage: {{{#!bash dev=$(basename $(ls -d /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ftdi_sio/*/ttyUSB*)) stty -F $dev 115200 ignbrk -brkint -icrnl -opost -onlcr -isig -icanon -iexten -echo -echoe -echok -echoctl -echoke cat $dev & # continually display responses from tty in background # request manufactuer identify printf 'AT+GMI\r\n' > $dev # request model printf 'AT+GMM\r\n' > $dev # request serial number printf 'AT+GSN\r\n' > $dev # request misc details printf 'AT+ATI0\r\n' > $dev # change role to central, write nvram, and reset printf 'AT+UBTLE=1\r\n' > $dev printf 'AT&W\r\n' > $dev printf 'AT+CPWROFF\r\n' > $dev # scan for BLE devices sleep 1 printf 'AT+UBTD\r\n' > $dev }}} See also ublox s-center software for use on Windows [=#software] == Software Support In General, the following software is necessary for the GW16126: * LTE Cat-M1 modem: - Linux 4.17+ kernel with option driver (CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_OPTION) and qmi driver (CONFIG_USB_NET_QMI_WWAN) * Linux 4.5+ needed for QMI RAW IP support (unless backported) * Linux 4.17+ needed for ublox R410M (unless backported) * BLE HCI: - Linux 4.5+ kernel - hci_uart driver (CONFIG_BT_HCIUART, CONFIG_BT_HCIUART_H4 hci_uart) - Userspace cryptographic algorithm support (CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API*) (for generation of random bdaddr in BlueZ) - Bluetooth stack such as BlueZ (4.45+ with Experimental support (-E param on bluetoothd)) Ubuntu: - LTE Cat-M1 modem: requires network-manager modemmanager libqmi - BLE HCI: requires bluez - fully supported (with the above) OpenWrt 18.6.1: - requires kmod-usb-net-opton, kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan, kmod-usb-serial, kmod-usb-serial-ftdi, kmod-usb-serial-qualcomm, kmod-bluetooth, kmod-crypto-user, kmod-crypto-hash, bluez-daemon, uqmi - fully supported (with the above) OpenWrt 16.02: - will not work without backporting qmi raw-ip support and modem ID's to option1/qmi-wwan driver