Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of newport/ubuntu

Timestamp:

12/13/2017 01:49:57 AM (8 years ago)

Author:

Tim Harvey

Comment:

initial page

newport/ubuntu

@@ +1 @@
+[[PageOutline]]
+
+= Ubuntu on Newport =
+This page is dedicated details regarding running Ubuntu on an Gateworks Newport Board.
+
+See also:
+ * the Gateworks Ventana [wiki:ventana#third_party_linux third party linux] page for more details on how to use other linux distro on Ventana.
+ * [wiki:ubuntu Gateworks Ubuntu Page for general notes]  
+
+See also:
+ * [wiki:ubuntu Gateworks Ubuntu page]
+
+
+[=#debootstrap]
+== Root filesystem ==
+A popular way to create an Ubuntu root filesystem is to use the {{{deboostrap}}} utility on a Debian or Ubuntu host. This tool provides a 2-stage install where the second stage is within a chroot environment using qemu.
+
+Requirements:
+- Linux Ubuntu or Debian System with network connection and sudo permissions
+
+Important notes:
+ * we set and use '''target''' and '''distro''' env variables in step 2 and use those env variables in the remaining steps to make this tutorial more version-agnostic. Please be aware of this and do not deviate from the steps unless or until you completely understand what you are doing.
+
+Steps:
+1. Install pre-requisites:
+{{{
+#!bash
+sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support
+}}}
+
+2. Perform first stage install of minimal filesystem for {{{arm64}}} architecture:
+{{{
+#!bash
+target=rootfs
+distro=xenial
+sudo debootstrap --arch=arm64 --foreign $distro $target
+# copy qemu-arm-static binary for the binfmt packages to find it and copy in resolv.conf from host
+sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static $target/usr/bin
+}}}
+ * See http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/dists/ for a list of current Ubuntu releases: 16.10=yakkety (latest), 16.04=xenial (latest LTS), 15.04=vivid, 14.10=utopic (LTS), 14.04=trusty (LTS), 12.04=precise (LTS), 10.04=lucid (LTS).
+ * this minimal rootfs can be considered about the same as an Ubuntu-core downloaded rootfs however it is still missing some core packages and configuration before it can be booted. These steps are taken care of in a 2nd stage install within a chroot shell
+ * the chroot shell below will provide network support (inherited from the host)
+
+3. we now have a minimal Ubuntu rootfs - chroot to it and perform the 2nd stage install:
+{{{
+#!bash
+sudo chroot $target
+# now we are in the chroot
+distro=xenial
+export LANG=C
+# setup second stage
+/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
+}}}
+ * this is the most minimal rootfs we would recommend
+
+4. (optional) add additional apt package repos:
+{{{
+#!bash
+cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
+deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports $distro main restricted universe multiverse
+deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports $distro-updates main restricted universe multiverse
+deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports $distro-security main restricted universe multiverse
+EOT
+}}}
+ * you may want to customize the above list, depending on your needs. See [#packages below] for more detail on Ubuntu package feeds
+
+5. (optional) update package database and setup locales (do not skip this step if you are needing to install any packages for the steps below or otherwise)
+{{{
+#!bash
+apt-get update
+apt-get -f install # fixup missing package dependencies
+apt-get install locales dialog
+dpkg-reconfigure locales
+}}}
+
+6. set hostname:
+{{{
+#!bash
+echo ${distro}-$(uname -m) > /etc/hostname
+}}}
+
+7. set a root passwd so you can login
+{{{
+#!bash
+passwd
+}}}
+ - or consider adding a user via {{{adduser}}}:
+{{{
+#!bash
+adduser myuser
+usermod -a -G tty myuser # add to tty group for tty access
+usermod -a -G dialout myuser # add to dialout group for UART access
+usermod -a -G sudo myuser # add to sudo group for root access
+}}}
+
+8. (optional) configure networking:
+ - wired ethernet with DHCP on eth0
+{{{
+#!bash
+cat <<EOF >> /etc/network/interfaces
+allow-hotplug eth0
+auto eth0
+iface eth0 inet dhcp
+
+EOF
+}}}
+ - or static IP:
+{{{
+#!bash
+cat <<EOF >> /etc/network/interfaces
+allow-hotplug eth0
+auto eth0
+iface eth0 inet static
+address 192.168.1.1
+netmask 255.255.255.0
+gateway 192.168.1.254
+
+EOF
+}}}
+ - or wireless (requires ~3MB of additional packages):
+{{{
+#!bash
+apt-get install wpasupplicant iw
+cat << EOF >> /etc/network/interfaces
+# Wireless interface
+auto wlan0
+iface wlan0 inet dhcp
+        wireless_mode managed
+        wireless_essid any
+        wpa-driver nl80211
+        wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
+
+EOF
+wpa_passphrase <myssid> <mypass> >> /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
+}}}
+
+9. (optional) install some useful packages
+{{{
+#!bash
+apt-get install openssh-server # ssh server for remote access
+apt-get install can-utils i2c-tools usbutils pciutils # cmdline tools for various hardware support
+}}}
+ * Note that by default root ssh access is disabled for security. See [#ssh below] for info on enabling it
+
+10. install Gateworks pre-built kernel:
+{{{#!bash
+apt-get install wget
+cd /
+wget http://svn.gateworks.com/newport/images/gateworks-linux-arm64-4.14.tar.bz2
+tar -xvf gateworks-linux-arm64-4.14.tar.bz2
+}}}
+
+11. exit the chroot shell and remove files we no longer need
+{{{
+#!bash
+exit
+sudo rm $target/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
+}}}
+
+12. install to bootable media:
+ * For a removable block storage device supported by your board such as a USB Mass Storage device, a microSD, an mSATA SSD the example below will create a single ext4 rootfs partition on a removable block storage device. Ensure you set DEVICE properly for your system. We use the 'udisks' application for mount/unmount so that the mount-point is obvious - if you know what your doing you could use standard mount/unmount as well:
+{{{
+#!bash
+DEVICE=/dev/sdc
+# unmount all auto-mounted partitions for this device
+sudo umount ${DEVICE}?
+# partition disk - single ext partition
+printf ",,L,,\n" | sudo sfdisk -uS ${DEVICE}
+sync
+sudo mkfs.ext4 -L rootfs ${DEVICE}1
+# mount partition (will mount to /media/rootfs/)
+sudo udisks --mount ${DEVICE}1
+# copy the root filesystem
+sudo cp -rupv $target/*  /media/rootfs/
+# unmount the disk
+sudo udisks --unmount ${DEVICE}1
+}}}