Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of gsc/alternate_boot_device


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Timestamp:
10/22/2017 05:28:45 AM (7 years ago)
Author:
trac
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  • gsc/alternate_boot_device

    v1 v1  
     1{{{#!html
     2          <div id="wikipage" class="trac-content"><p>
     3</p><div class="wiki-toc">
     4<ol>
     5  <li>
     6    <a href="#AlternateBootDevice">Alternate Boot Device</a>
     7    <ol>
     8      <li>
     9        <ol>
     10          <li>
     11            <a href="#FlashMapping">Flash Mapping</a>
     12          </li>
     13        </ol>
     14      </li>
     15      <li>
     16        <a href="#AutoSwitchBootDevice">Auto Switch Boot Device</a>
     17        <ol>
     18          <li>
     19            <a href="#FromLinux">From Linux</a>
     20          </li>
     21          <li>
     22            <a href="#Fromu-boot">From u-boot</a>
     23          </li>
     24        </ol>
     25      </li>
     26      <li>
     27        <a href="#AlternateBootFlashfirmwareimages">Alternate Boot Flash firmware images</a>
     28        <ol>
     29          <li>
     30            <a href="#Step1.Bootloader">Step 1. Bootloader</a>
     31          </li>
     32          <li>
     33            <a href="#Step2.KernelRootFilesystem">Step 2. Kernel / Root Filesystem</a>
     34          </li>
     35          <li>
     36            <a href="#Usingu-boot-2014.10-cns3xxxbootloader">Using u-boot-2014.10-cns3xxx bootloader</a>
     37          </li>
     38        </ol>
     39      </li>
     40    </ol>
     41  </li>
     42</ol>
     43</div><p>
     44</p>
     45<h1 id="AlternateBootDevice">Alternate Boot Device</h1>
     46<p>
     47Some Gateworks Laguna family products have an 'Alternate boot device' that can be used for alternate firmware images, such as a flash recovery image.
     48</p>
     49<p>
     50Please note that if you have a board with a 4MB SPI flash device, such as the GW2388-4 you will need to use <a class="ext-link" href="https://github.com/Gateworks/u-boot-cns3xxx"><span class="icon">​</span>u-boot-2014.10 cns3xxx</a> bootloader.
     51</p>
     52<p>
     53There are 2 ways that you can instruct the '<a class="wiki" href="/wiki/gsc">Gateworks System Controller</a>' to boot to the <strong>alternate boot device (an SPI FLASH device) vs the primary boot device (a NOR FLASH device)</strong>:
     54</p>
     55<ol><li>set GSC R0.3 and press the user pushbutton 5x times to perform a 1-time hard reboot to the alternate boot device
     56<pre class="wiki">i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 0 0x08
     57</pre></li><li>set GSC R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE) to enable 'switch boot check'. If this is set when the board powers on, it will 'toggle' boot device selection and reboot after 30 seconds unless GSC R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) has been set before that time. Note that the countdown timer is only activated when the board powers on from a GSC sleep or unpowered state
     58</li></ol><h3 id="FlashMapping">Flash Mapping</h3>
     59<p>
     60This is an example from a Laguna 2388 with 16MB NOR and 4MB SPI. The mapping is set by us but can be changed.
     61</p>
     62<pre class="wiki">root@(none):/# cat /proc/mtd
     63dev:    size   erasesize  name
     64mtd0: 00040000 00020000 "uboot"
     65mtd1: 00020000 00020000 "params"
     66mtd2: 00200000 00020000 "kernel"
     67mtd3: 00da0000 00020000 "rootfs"
     68mtd4: 007c0000 00020000 "rootfs_data"
     69mtd5: 00040000 00010000 "uboot"
     70mtd6: 00040000 00010000 "params"
     71mtd7: 00180000 00010000 "kernel"
     72mtd8: 00200000 00010000 "rootfs"
     73
     74</pre><h2 id="AutoSwitchBootDevice">Auto Switch Boot Device</h2>
     75<p>
     76The <a class="wiki" href="/wiki/gsc">Gateworks System Controller</a> implements an 'Auto Switch Boot Device' feature that can be useful as a firmware recovery mechanism. GSC register R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE) enables this mode. When this is set and the board powers on it will initiate a countdown timer that expires in 30 seconds. Writing a 1 to GSC R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) will cancel this timer. If the timer expires the boot device will be 'toggled' and the board will be hard reset.
     77</p>
     78<p>
     79If you need to progamattically hard power cycle the board you can put it to sleep for a few seconds.
     80</p>
     81<h3 id="FromLinux">From Linux</h3>
     82<p>
     83Within the linux command-line shell, you can use i2cset from the i2c-tools package.
     84</p>
     85<p>
     86To enable 'switch boot check':
     87</p>
     88<pre class="wiki">i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 1 0x40      ;# enable R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE)
     89</pre><p>
     90To assert 'SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR' and cancel the countdown timer (within 30 seconds of power up):
     91</p>
     92<pre class="wiki">i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 1 0xC0      ;# cancel countdown by asserting R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) but keep enabled R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE)
     93# or
     94i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 1 0x80      ;# cancel countdown by asserting R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) and disable R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE)
     95</pre><p>
     96To programatically hard power-cycle the board by putting it to sleep for a few seconds while also enabling 'switch boot':
     97</p>
     98<pre class="wiki"># power cycle board: must be a hard power cycle, not a soft reboot (which can be done manually or via sleep/wake timer control)
     99i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 6 5         ;# write add timer to 5sec
     100i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 7 0
     101i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 8 0
     102i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 9 0
     103i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 1 0x04      ;# set add time bit (must be a separate i2c transaction than activating sleep)
     104i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 1 0x43      ;# enable R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE), sleep operation (R1.0) and activate sleep (R1.1)
     105# wait for board to reboot into linux and within 30 seconds of powerup cancel the boot timer
     106i2cset -f -y 0 0x20 1 0xC0      ;# set R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) to cancel timer but leave R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE) enabled
     107</pre><h3 id="Fromu-boot">From u-boot</h3>
     108<p>
     109Within the u-boot environment you can use the imw command to set i2c registers.
     110</p>
     111<p>
     112To enable 'switch boot check':
     113</p>
     114<pre class="wiki">Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 1 0x40 1     ;# enable R1.6 (SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE)
     115</pre><p>
     116To assert R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) and cancel the countdown timer (within 30 seconds of power up):
     117</p>
     118<pre class="wiki">Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 1 0xc0 1  # set SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR (R1.7)
     119</pre><p>
     120To programatically hard power-cycle the board by putting it to sleep for a few seconds while also enabling 'switch boot':
     121</p>
     122<pre class="wiki">Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 6 0x05 1  # LSB (5 secs)
     123Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 7 0x00 1
     124Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 8 0x00 1
     125Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 9 0x00 1  # MSB
     126Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 1 0x04 1  # latch R6-R9 and add to RTC
     127Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 1 0x43 1  # set SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE (R1.6), sleep operation (R1.0) and activate sleep (R1.1)
     128</pre><h2 id="AlternateBootFlashfirmwareimages">Alternate Boot Flash firmware images</h2>
     129<h3 id="Step1.Bootloader">Step 1. Bootloader</h3>
     130<p>
     131The alternate boot device and the primary boot device require different bootloaders <strong>(SPI vs NOR FLASH)</strong>. Only the primary boot device is programmed with a bootable image by Gateworks. In order to program the alternate boot device you will need to do so from Linux (as u-boot-nor.bin on the primary boot device without modification can only access NOR flash).
     132</p>
     133<p>
     134<strong>REQUIRED: You will also need to modify your Linux kernel to allow writing to the u-boot partition of SPI flash by commenting out the '.mask_flags = MTD_WRITEABLE' in the laguna_spi_partitions structure in:</strong>
     135</p>
     136<blockquote>
     137<p>
     138/gateworks-openwrt/trunk$ vi build_dir/target-arm_v6k_uClibc-0.9.33.2_eabi/linux-cns3xxx/linux-3.8.6/arch/arm/mach-cns3xxx/laguna.c
     139</p>
     140</blockquote>
     141<p>
     142Once modified, recompile the BSP. Then flash this to the NOR flash on your board.
     143</p>
     144<p>
     145Once booted to NOR flash with this modified kernel you can write the laguna u-boot-spi.bin to /dev/mtd5 via mtd:
     146</p>
     147<pre class="wiki">root@OpenWrt:/# mtd write u-boot_spi.bin /dev/mtd5
     148Unlocking /dev/mtd5 ...
     149
     150Writing from u-boot_spi.bin to /dev/mtd5 ...     
     151root@OpenWrt:/#
     152</pre><p>
     153Now you can follow the instructions above to boot off the <strong>Alternate Boot Device</strong> (SPI Flash) and setup your kernel/rootfs using the instructions for an SPI FLASH device such as the GW2380 found here <a class="wiki" href="/wiki/laguna/openwrt">here</a>
     154</p>
     155<h3 id="Step2.KernelRootFilesystem">Step 2. Kernel / Root Filesystem</h3>
     156<p>
     157Depending on the size of the SPI FLASH you will likely <strong>need to prune features from your kernel/filesystem</strong>. A good starting point may be the Laguna <a class="ext-link" href="http://svn.gateworks.com/openwrt/trunk/config/cns3xxx/.config_test"><span class="icon">​</span>test_config</a> file which uses a ramdisk and a minimal set of utilities used by Gateworks to test boards. As this <a class="wiki" href="/wiki/OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a> config file specifies an INTRAMFS ramdisk, you only need to flash the kernel which includes the root filesystem.
     158</p>
     159<ol><li>Use the instructions above to boot from the <strong>Alternate Boot Device</strong> (SPI FLASH) and break out into the bootloader. You can determine that you are booted to the <strong>Alternate Boot Device</strong> by seeing a smaller FLASH size in the boot header or by looking at the output of 'printenv bootcmd' and seeing that it boots a kernel from 0x60080000 (SPI FLASH) instead of 0x10080000 (NOR FLASH)
     160<pre class="wiki">...
     161Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
     162Laguna&gt; printenv bootcmd
     163bootcmd=bootm 0x60080000
     164</pre></li></ol><ol start="2"><li>set R1.7 (SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR) so that you have plenty of time to write the kernel to the SPI Flash:
     165<pre class="wiki">Laguna &gt; imw 0x20 1 0xc0 1  # set SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR (R1.7)
     166</pre></li></ol><ol start="3"><li>set ipaddr/serverip according to your network. For example if your server is at 192.168.1.14 and your target is to be 192.168.1.211:
     167<pre class="wiki">Laguna&gt; sete ipaddr 192.168.1.211
     168Laguna&gt; sete serverip 192.168.1.14
     169</pre></li></ol><ol start="4"><li>Erase what is currently in the SPI FLASH: (This is a range, start and end for a specific flash size. Example 16MB SPI below)
     170<pre class="wiki">Laguna&gt; erase 0x60080000 0x60ffffff
     171</pre></li></ol><ol start="5"><li>Copy Kernel+Root-filesystem to the Board
     172<pre class="wiki">Laguna&gt; tftpboot 0x00800000 laguna/openwrt-cns3xxx-uImage_ramdisk
     173Laguna&gt; cp.b 0x00800000 0x60080000 $(filesize)
     174</pre></li></ol><ol start="6"><li>Set kernel commandline for booting a ramdisk:
     175<pre class="wiki">setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/ram0 rootfstype=ramfs'
     176saveenv
     177</pre></li></ol><ol start="7"><li>Boot into Linux<br />
     178<pre class="wiki">Laguna&gt; bootm
     179</pre></li></ol><p>
     180Notes:
     181</p>
     182<ul><li>when using the SPI FLASH device you can erase the u-boot env flash section and restore factory defaults with:
     183<pre class="wiki">Laguna&gt; protect off 0x60040000 +0x40000
     184Laguna&gt; erase 0x60040000 +0x40000
     185Laguna&gt; reset
     186</pre></li></ul><h3 id="Usingu-boot-2014.10-cns3xxxbootloader">Using u-boot-2014.10-cns3xxx bootloader</h3>
     187<p>
     188If using the <a class="ext-link" href="https://github.com/Gateworks/u-boot-cns3xxx"><span class="icon">​</span>u-boot-2014.10-cns3xxx</a> which supports both the 16MB and 4MB SPI flash devices used on Laguna products, you will need to use the 'sf' commands within uboot to access flash.
     189</p>
     190<p>
     191Update kernel:
     192</p>
     193<pre class="wiki">setenv serverip 192.168.1.146
     194setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.1
     195setenv spi_koffset 0x80000
     196setenv spi_klen 0x180000
     197setenv spi_roffset 0x200000
     198# update kernel
     199tftp ${loadaddr} laguna/openwrt-cns3xxx-uImage &amp;&amp; sf probe &amp;&amp; sf update ${loadaddr} ${spi_koffset} ${filesize}
     200</pre><p>
     201Update SPI uboot:
     202</p>
     203<pre class="wiki"># update SPI uboot
     204setenv serverip 192.168.1.146
     205setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.1
     206tftp ${loadaddr} laguna/u-boot_spi.bin &amp;&amp; sf probe &amp;&amp; sf update ${loadaddr} 0 ${filesize}
     207</pre><p>
     208Enable Alternate Boot timer:
     209</p>
     210<pre class="wiki">i2c mw 0x20 1 0x40 1 # set R1.6 SWITCH_BOOT_ENABLE
     211</pre><p>
     212Clear Alternate Boot timer:
     213</p>
     214<pre class="wiki">i2c mw 0x20 1 0xc0 1 # set R1.7 SWITCH_BOOT_CLEAR
     215</pre
     216}}}